Some of the best copies were discovered in the library ruins of the 7th-century BC Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. Approximately two-thirds of this longer, twelve-tablet version have been recovered. The later Standard Babylonian version compiled by Sîn-lēqi-unninni dates from the 13th to the 10th centuries BC and bears the incipit Sha naqba īmuru ("He who Saw the Abyss", lit. The first surviving version of this combined epic, known as the "Old Babylonian" version, dates back to the 18th century BC and is titled after its incipit, Shūtur eli sharrī ("Surpassing All Other Kings"). These independent stories were later used as source material for a combined epic in Akkadian. The literary history of Gilgamesh begins with five Sumerian poems about Bilgamesh (Sumerian for "Gilgamesh"), king of Uruk, dating from the Third Dynasty of Ur ( c.
The Epic of Gilgamesh ( / ˈ ɡ ɪ l ɡ ə m ɛ ʃ/) is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia.
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